Graded Course in Practical Grammar and Usage

(Follow the Topics sequentially ignore Podcast sequence, watch on YouTube for a Clear view)

Topic-1

TOPIC 1 Continuation – Your body language is the most powerful communication tool

Body language is the physical behavior, expressions, and manners to communicate without using words. Our facial expressions, gestures, posture, and tone of voice are powerful communication tools. We use body language to build better communication at home and work. In Short body language is a signal of communication.

Sometimes times behavior of people too communicate some information e.g. when someone relaxes, it means he or she doesn’t want anyone to disturb him. We also convey expressions of anger, question, amazement, happiness, exclamation, etc., through the movement of shoulders, eyes, hands, etc.

Say the following sentences using your body language. without changing the word order

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a normal tone).

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in an angry tone).

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a questioning tone).

Ha, ha, ha, A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a joking tone ).

Speak the following sentences in above mentioned tones.

She goes to the office at 10’ O clock every day. 2. He sold his car for 500 dollars.

Are you new to English? No worries

Body language is more important than English Words In Spoken English, this means you already know around 65% of Spoken English, only you need to speak 35% (2000 words are just enough to speak good English, these wods innlude ‘a’ ‘an’ ‘is’ ‘the’ etc.)

Topic 2 – Concept of Subject and Pronoun

Topic 2 Continuation – Expanded form of Subject-pronoun concept

Topic 2 Continued…...Subject-Verb Agreement

In a sentence every subject is followed by a verb (A verb is an important word in a sentence) wrong choice of a verb would make the sentence awful.

e.g.

I am a teacher (She = subject, is = verb) – The subject ‘I‘ agrees with the verb ‘am’ (I >am)

They are my friends (They = subject, are = verb) The subject ‘they’ agrees with the verb ‘are’ (They > are)

Mary works for a Bank (Mary = subject, works = verb). The subject ‘Mary’ agrees with the verb ‘works’

(Mary > works)

We talk about hundreds of subjects in our day-to-day conversations, for example, we talk about weather, education, government, friends, price-rise, travel, etc., now a question arises how to find suitable verbs for each subject? To solve this problem it’s a good idea to convert the subject into its pronoun form mentally before speaking or writing and reconvert them into their original form during the speech or writing. This conversion would help us to choose a suitable verb for any subject under the sun.

For example, when you speak about a bank mentally think of its pronoun (it)

A bank is a place to keep our cash safely (A bank = it is a place to keep our cash safely)

Mother Teresa was an Indian (Mother Teresa = she was an Indian)

Topic 3 – Describing People, Places, things and actions in present and future

Topic 4 – Busines meeting Phrases

Phrases are the communication units they are made without following the grammar rules or sentence patterns but they are used frequently in real-life. Watch the phrases used in conducting a business meeting

Topic 5 – Appointment making Phrses

Toopic 6 – Present continuous Tense in Real-life

Present-Continuous-Tense-in-Real-Life-1_compressed

Present Continuous Tense – In Real-life – What Is Happening Right Now?

Learn English through Real-Life Events and Global News

Takeaways: By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

understand when to use the Present Continuous Tense.
talk about actions happening now.
describe temporary situations.
discuss current events from around the world.
talk about changes taking place.
ask and answer questions naturally.

Warm-up

Look around your classroom or home.

Complete these sentences.

I am __________________________.
My teacher is __________________________.
My friend is __________________________.
People outside are __________________________.

Now compare your answers with your partner.

Situation 1: Right Now

Imagine you are watching a live news channel.

The reporter says:

“Firefighters are fighting a forest fire.”

“Doctors are treating injured people.”

“Volunteers are helping families.”

These actions are happening at this moment.

Structure

Subject	be verb (helping verb)	verb + ing
I	am	working
He	is	speaking
She	is	driving
It	is	raining
We	are	learning
You	are	reading
They	are	building

When Do We Use the Present Continuous?

We use it for:

✅ actions happening now

✅ temporary activities

✅ events happening around the world

✅ changes taking place

Example 1 – Live News

Imagine you are watching television.

Scientists are studying a new disease.
Rescue teams are searching for survivors.
Engineers are repairing a damaged bridge.
Farmers are harvesting rice.
Students are writing their exams.

These actions are happening now.

Example 2 – Everyday Life

My mother is cooking dinner.
My father is watching the news.
I am doing my homework.
My brother is playing football.
We are waiting for the bus.

Real-Life Examples from Today’s World

Read these sentences.

Many countries are investing in renewable energy.
Companies are using artificial intelligence in customer service.
Universities are offering online courses.
Electric vehicles are becoming more popular.
Scientists are exploring the deep ocean.
Tourists are visiting Japan during the summer.
Many people are working from home.
Hospitals are improving digital healthcare.
Space agencies are preparing new Moon missions.
Students are learning coding at school.

How to Make the Present Continuous

Positive

Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

Subject	Verb	Reading a book Planting Trees Learning English Watching a TV Programme
I	Am
We you they	are
He she it	is
Who (Singular)	is
Who (Plural)	are

Examples

She is reading a book.
They are planting trees.
We are learning English.

Negative

Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing

Subject	Verb		Reading a book Planting Trees Learning English Watching a TV Programme
I	Am	Not
We you they	are	Not
He she it	is	Not
Who (Singular)	is	Not
Who (Plural)	are	Not

Note: Are not = Aren’t, was not = wasn’t is not = isn’t

Examples

I am not sleeping.
He isn’t driving.
They aren’t playing football.

Questions

Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?

Verb	Subject	Reading a book Planting Trees Learning English Watching a TV Programme
Am	I
Are	We you they
Is	He she it

Examples

Are you listening?
Is she studying?
Are they travelling?

Short Answers

Are you learning English?

Yes, I am.

No, I’m not.

Is he working?

Yes, he is.

No, he isn’t.

Present Continuous for Temporary Situations

Sometimes the action is not happening exactly now.

It is happening around this period.

Examples

My cousin is preparing for the IELTS exam.
I am reading an interesting history book.
Our school is organising a science exhibition.
My friend is learning German.
The company is training new employees.

Present Continuous with Time Expressions

We often use

now
right now
at the moment
today
this week
this month
this year
these days

Examples

We are learning grammar today.
My sister is staying with us this week.
The city is building a new metro line this year.
Many schools are introducing AI lessons these days.

Present Continuous for Change

We use it when something is changing.

Examples

The weather is getting hotter.
Cities are becoming smarter.
Internet speed is improving.
The population is growing.
Air pollution is increasing.
Technology is changing our lives.
Online education is expanding.
Renewable energy is replacing fossil fuels.

Vocabulary

Word	Meaning
invest	put money into something
renewable	energy that can be used again
explore	travel to learn more
prepare	get ready
improve	become better
increase	become larger
reduce	make less
develop	grow or create

Common Mistakes

❌ She is drive to work.

✅ She is driving to work.

❌ They are study now.

✅ They are studying now.

❌ I am go home.

✅ I am going home.

❌ He are working.

✅ He is working.

Speaking Activity

Ask your friend (It is better you talk to youself)

What are you doing after class?
What book are you reading?
What are you learning these days?
Are you using AI to study English?
Is your family watching any TV series?

Pair Work

Student A asks.

Are you learning any new skills?
Are you exercising regularly?
Are you watching any interesting documentaries?

Student B answers using complete sentences.

Example

Yes, I am learning graphic design.

No, I’m not watching television these days.

Reading Practice

Read the paragraph.

Today, people around the world are experiencing many changes. Scientists are developing cleaner energy. Schools are introducing digital learning. Companies are creating new AI tools. Doctors are improving medical treatments. Farmers are using smart technology to grow crops. These innovations are changing everyday life.

Answer:

What are scientists developing?
What are schools introducing?
Who is improving medical treatments?
What are farmers using?
What is changing everyday life?

Fill in the Blanks

Choose the correct verb.

She ________ (is reading / reads) a science magazine now.
They ________ (are planting / plant) trees today.
We ________ (are learning / learn) English at the moment.
The company ________ (is hiring / hires) new employees this month.
Scientists ________ (are studying / study) climate change now.

Correct the Mistakes

She are driving home.
They is watching television.
I am write an email.
We is playing cricket.
He are studying English.

Speaking Challenge

Imagine you are a TV reporter – Report five live events.

Example

“Good evening. Rescue workers are helping people after heavy rain. Volunteers are distributing food. Engineers are checking bridges. Police officers are directing traffic. Doctors are treating injured people.”

Quiz

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which sentence is correct?

A. She is cook dinner.

B. She is cooking dinner.

C. She cooking dinner.

2. Which action is happening now?

A. I play football every Sunday.

B. I am playing football now.

C. I played football yesterday.

3. Which sentence shows change?

A. Water boils at 100°C.

B. Cities are becoming greener.

C. Birds fly.

4. Which sentence is correct?

A. They are studying today.

B. They studying today.

C. They is studying today.

5. Choose the correct question.

A. Are she working?

B. Is she working?

C. She is working?

Summary

We use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about:

actions happening right now,
temporary situations,
activities happening around this time,
and changes taking place.

Formula

Positive: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing

Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing

Question: Am/Is/Are + Subject + verb-ing?

Homework

Write 10 sentences about what people are doing in your city today. Try to include topics such as education, technology, business, transport, sports, healthcare, or the environment using the Present Continuous Tense.

Present continuous Vs going on

The present continuous is a grammatical verb tense used to describe a particular action happening right at the time of speaking. The phrase “going on” usually describes the Present state or event of something in a more general way.

The Present Continuous. This is a tense. It shows an exact action happening at this exact moment.

Structure: Subject + “to be” (am/is/are) + Verb + “-ing”.
Example 1: “I am working.”
Example 2: “She is eating dinner.” [1]

The Phrase “Going On” (Ref: Quora +1)

This phrase describes an ongoing event, a situation, or asks what is happening.

Structure: Can act as part of the present continuous (e.g., “The movie is going on”) or as a casual phrase.
Example 1: “What is going on here?” (Meaning: What is happening?)
Example 2: “There is a big party going on.” (Meaning: An event is taking place.) [1, 2]

Core Differences (Ref: Langeek.co)

Feature	Present Continuous	The Phrase “Going On”
Main Use	Describes a specific action being done by someone or something.	Describes a general state, situation, or event.
Focus	Focuses on the doer and the action.	Focuses on the environment or the situation.
Example	“I am studying.”	“There is a lot going on.”

Present continuous used as to experess planned action (in future)

We use the present continuous tense (Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing) to talk about future plans. This means you have made an arrangement, decided on a date, and will almost certainly do it. [1, 2, 3]

Here are clear examples of this tense used as a future plan:

Everyday Plans

“I am meeting my friend for dinner tomrrow evening.”
“They are having dinner with the family tonight.”

Travel and Appointments

“She is flying to New York next week.”
“He is seeing the Manager at 6 PM.”

Events and Activities

“They are playing Golf tennis this weekend.”
“I am starting my new business on Monday.” [3]

More functions of present particlple verb –

Any action wth suffix ‘ing’ is called present participle verb form for example: Watching, eating, working etc.

Yes, “I am going shopping” is a completely correct and natural sentence. It correctly uses the -ing form of the verb “go” to describe an activity. [1, 2, 3]

Correct Examples

“I am going shopping today.”
“I am going shopping for groceries.” [4, 5]

Incorrect Phrasing

Do NOT say: “I am going to shopping.”
Do NOT say: “I am going for shopping.”

She is thinking of getting married next year – Correct

They are coming to get their certificates next week. Keep the certificates ready. – Correct

More Tricky Sentences

The core difference depends on function: a present continuous verb shows an action happening right now, while a gerund acts as a noun (a thing or a concept).

Quick Formula for Spotting the Difference

Present Continuous: Am/Is/Are + Verb-ING → Shows action.
Gerund: Verb-ING → Acts as a noun (Can be replaced with the word “it”).

Symmetrical Attribute Examples

Example 1: Shopping

Continuous Verb: They are shopping for clothes right now.
Gerund: Shopping is my favorite weekend activity. (Test: It is my favorite weekend activity).

Example 2: Exercising

Continuous Verb: He is running a marathon today.
Gerund: Running is good for your health. (Test: It is good for your health).

Example 3: Travel

Continuous Verb: We are traveling to Japan tomorrow.
Gerund: I love traveling by train. (Test: I love it).

Example 4: Education

Continuous Verb: She is reading a new novel.
Gerund: Reading helps improve your vocabulary. (Test: It helps improve your vocabulary).

Key Grammar Trick

If you see an auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were) right before the -ing word, it is almost always a present continuous verb showing action. If the -ing word is the subject of the sentence or follows a preposition, it is a gerund.

One more tricky sentence form

Natural/Correct: I am having trouble with my new car.
Alternative: I have a problem with my new car.

In English, have is a stative verb when it means possession (owning something). Stative verbs normally cannot be used in the continuous (-ing) form. [1]

However, “having trouble” is a special, idiomatic exception to this rule. [2]

When it means possession: “I have a car” (Never: I am having a car).
When it means experiencing an event: “I am having a baby / a party / trouble” (This is correct because it describes an ongoing experience, not ownership).

Homework

Topic 7 – Present Simple Tense in Rea-life

A. Study This Situation

Let’s imagine, Maria is a climate scientist.

Right now, she is sleeping.

She is not working now.

But she works as a climate scientist.

We use the Present Simple Tense to talk about jobs, facts, routines, and things that happen regularly.

Form

Subject	Verb
I / You / We / They	work, study, help, discuss
He / She / It	works, studies, helps, discusses

NOTE: It is essential to know the exact idea of ‘he, she, it and they’ Extended forms Click on to know more

Examples

I work for a community project.
They discuss global health issues.
She works in renewable energy.
He studies environmental science.

B. Present Simple for Facts and General Truths

We use the Present Simple to talk about things that are generally true.

Examples from Real Life

Doctors treat patients in hospitals.
Journalists report important world events.
The Earth moves around the Sun.
Solar panels produce clean energy.
Many countries invest in renewable energy.
International organizations support disaster relief efforts.

More Examples

Subject + Verb	Subject + Verb
I work	She works
They help	He helps
We teach	It teaches
You study	It affects

C. Questions and Negatives

We use do and does for questions.

Questions

Subject	Question Form
I/you/we/they	Do + subject + verb?
he/she/it	Does + subject + verb?

Examples

Do governments support clean energy? but does the Government supports clean enerlgy?
Do students use digital learning tools? but does the student use digital learning tool?
Does the city recycle plastic waste? but Do the cities recylcle plastic waste?
Does the organization provide emergency aid? but do the organizations provide emergency aid?
NOTE: in negatives and questions (sentences) ‘s’ is not added to the verb when ‘does‘ is used.

Short Answers

Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.
Yes, she does.
No, he doesn’t.

Negative Sentences

Subject	Negative Form
I/you/we/they	don’t + verb
he/she/it	doesn’t + verb

Examples

Many scientists don’t ignore climate data.
The charity doesn’t charge poor families.
Some regions don’t receive enough rainfall.
The program doesn’t require special equipment.

D. Present Simple for Habits and Routines

We often use these time expressions:

every day
every week
every year
usually
often
sometimes
rarely
always

Examples

Many people check the news every morning.
Environmental groups organize clean-up drives every month.
The United Nations holds meetings regularly.
Students usually use online resources for research.
Scientists often publish new findings.
Some countries celebrate Earth Day every year.

E. Verbs Used in Speeches and Public Communication

Sometimes we do something by speaking.

Examples

I promise to complete the project.
I agree with the proposal.
I suggest a different solution.
I advise people to save water.
I apologize for the mistake.
I refuse to spread misinformation.

In Public Speeches

Leaders often say:

“I promise to improve education.”
“I agree that climate action is important.”
“I suggest stronger international cooperation.”

Common Present Simple Expressions from Global News

Expression	Meaning
takes action	does something to solve a problem
raises awareness	helps people understand an issue
supports communities	helps local people
reduces emissions	lowers pollution
promotes peace	encourages harmony
protects wildlife	saves animals and nature
improves healthcare	makes health services better
provides aid	gives help
develops technology	creates new technology
addresses challenges	deals with problems

Practice

Choose the correct answer.

1. Many countries ______ renewable energy projects.

a) support
b) supports
c) supporting

2. She ______ climate science at a university.

a) study
b) studies
c) studying

3. ______ international organizations provide disaster relief?

a) Does
b) Is
c) Do

4. The charity ______ food for families in need.

a) provide
b) provides
c) providing

5. He ______ believe false information online.

a) doesn’t
b) don’t
c) isn’t

6. Scientists often ______ research findings.

a) publish
b) publishes
c) publishing

Answers

Quick Rule

✅ Use the Present Simple for:

Facts
Habits
Routines
Jobs
Public statements
General truths
Regular events

Formula:

Subject + Verb

They work.
She works.

Negative:

Subject + don’t/doesn’t + Verb

They don’t agree.
He doesn’t agree.

Question:

Do/Does + Subject + Verb?

Do they agree?
Does she agree?

This tense helps us talk about the world, daily life, global issues, news events, and public actions in clear and simple English.

Topic 8 – Concept of a Verb in English

If you know how to handle the verbs, you know how to handle the language. Everything else is just vocabulary – Michel Thomas

The common definition of a verb found in most of the school grammar books is ‘verb is an action word’ Actually a verb is not an action word it’s the most important word in a sentence, a wrong choice of verb would make the sentence awful.

There are three main types of verbs in the Engish language: namely, a. Being verbs b. Modal verbs and c. action verbs.

Three Main Categories of Verbs in The English Language

1. Action Verbs

Definition: Express actions that a subject performs.
Examples: run, write, jump, think, eat
Types of Action Verbs:
- Transitive Verbs: Require an object to complete their meaning.
  - Example: She reads a book. (reads acts on the object book.)
- Intransitive Verbs: Do not require an object.
  - Example: He runs every morning. (runs does not act on an object.)

NOTE: Action verbs are categorized into regular and Irregular Verbs

Regular Verbs: Form their past tense and past participle by adding “-ed” or “-d.”
- Example: talk → talked
Irregular Verbs: Form their past tense and past participle in unpredictable ways.
- Example: go → went → gone

You can get a printout of irregular verbs from any web resources, regular verbs printout is not necessary as they are easy to make.

2. Linking Verbs

Definition: Connect the subject to more information about the subject (a subject complement). These verbs do not show action.
Examples: be, seem, become, appear, feel
Example in a sentence: She is a doctor. (is links the subject she to the complement doctor.)

3. Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs

Look at this sentence: She is a teacher:

She is a teacher (‘is’ the only verb in the sentence so it’s the main verb)

He reads newspaper daily (‘reads’ is the only verb in the sentence so it’s the main verb)

She is teaching English. (Therre are two verbs in this sentence: is and teaching) the verb is helps the main verb teach so that it can behave like a continuous action verb. Is plays a role of helping, so it’s called helping or auxiliary verb.

NOTE: A verb like ‘do’ can acat as a main verb as well as helping verb in a same sentence, for example

What do-1 you do-2 for a lving? (The first do is a helping verb as it helps the senences to bcome a question and the second do act a main verb)

In short helping verbs help the main verbs to behave like a question sentencce, a negative sentencce

Definition: Help the main verb to form tense, mood, or voice.
Examples: is, are, was, were, have, has, do, will, shall
Example in a sentence: They are running late. (are helps the main verb running to show present continuous tense.)

4. Modal Verbs – (A unique thing about these verbs is that they need not agree with the subject of a sentence so it’s easier to make sentences with Modal verbs for the begnners, a separate topic will be introduced soon)

Definition: A type of auxiliary verb that expresses necessity, possibility, permission, or ability.
Examples: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would
Example in a sentence: You must study for the exam.

5. Stative Verbs

Definition: Describe a state or condition rather than an action.
Examples: know, believe, like, own, belong
Example in a sentence: She knows the answer.

6. Dynamic Verbs

Definition: Express physical or mental actions.
Examples: run, think, eat, sing
Example in a sentence: He sings beautifully.

7. Phrasal Verbs

Definition: Verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs, often changing the verb’s meaning.
Examples: look after, give up, break down
Example in a sentence: She gave up smoking.

Understanding these types of verbs helps in constructing meaningful and grammatically correct sentences.

Topic 9 – Personal Pronouns – mostly used in direct dealings with people

NOTE: USE ChatGpt to understand the meaning and context of all pronouns in your native language

Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns & Reflexive (Emphatic) Pronouns

S.No	Subject Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive-1 (Adjective)	Possessive-2 (Pronoun)	Emphatic / Reflexive Pronoun	Tamil Meaning
1	I	me	my	mine	myself	நான், என்னை, என், என்னுடையது, நானே
2	we	us	our	ours	ourselves	நாம்/நாங்கள், எங்களை, எங்கள், எங்களுடையது, நாங்களே
3	you	you	your	yours	yourself	நீ, உன்னை, உன், உன்னுடையது, நீயே
4	you	you	your	yours	yourselves	நீங்கள், உங்களை, உங்கள், உங்களுடையது, நீங்களே
5	he	him	his	his	himself	அவன், அவனை, அவன், அவனுடையது, அவனே
6	she	her	her	hers	herself	அவள், அவளை, அவள், அவளுடையது, அவளே
7	it	it	its	its	itself	அது, அதை, அதன், அதனுடையது, அதுவே
8	they	them	their	theirs	themselves	அவர்கள், அவர்களை, அவர்களின், அவர்களுடையது, அவர்களே
9	who	whom	whose	—	—	யார், யாரை, யாருடைய

Archived Posts, Please ignore

Lesson 5 – Idea of a subject in English

Getting an idea of the subject is very essential in making sentences in English. The Term subject has different meanings in different contexts, in this lesson, the term subject is a person place, or anything (anything: physical or virtual). A subject may be a single letter word for example: ‘I’ or a group of words ‘The President of India‘. Usually in an English sentence, the subject comes at the beginning of a sentence for example:

Stars are far away.

She is a singer.

In some sentences, the subject is left out, for example:

sit quietly. (=you sit quietly)

Don’t move from here, till I say. (= you don’t move)

Subject may come in the middle or at the end of a sentence too for example:

May God bless you.

May you live longer?

A subject may take several noun forms, look at the following examples:

Lesson 4 – Components of Communicative English

Communicative English mostly consists of the following components, English grammar has the least role in Communicative English.

Lesson 3 – Attributes of Communicative English

If you wish to acquire proficiency in English faster follow the attributes mentioned in the following illustration.

Lesson 2 – Your body language is the most powerful communication tool

In lesson 1, I said ‘spoken English composed of around 65 percent body language.’

Say the following sentences using your body language. without changing the word order

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a normal tone).

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in an angry tone).

A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a questioning tone).

Ha, ha, ha, A cat is drinking milk in the kitchen ( say in a joking tone ).

Speak the following sentences in above mentioned tones.

She goes to the office at 10’ O clock every day. 2. He sold his car for 500 dollars.

Lesson 1 – Confidence is the Key to acquiring English skills faster.

Are you new to English? No worries

Body language is more important than English Words In Spoken English, this means you already know around 65% of Spoken English skills, so to speak around 65% of the English language, you are not required to know even a single word.

Another good news is that English vocabulary has more than 50,000 words, you just need to know only 500 words to speak around 80% of the English language, I am sure every student knows more than 500 words.

The essential requirements to speak good English in a short period are:

Sustained motivation 2. Commitment

Subject-verb agreement is essential for making sentences

English Skills – 22 Feb 2023 – Being Verbs in English

Introduction to Verbs in English and basics of sentence making 2 (using being verbs)

The verb is an important word in a sentence

Verbs may be used as a main verb, or an auxiliary verb =Helping verb = supporting verb

She is a teacher (Is = the main verb)

She is teaching English (Teaching = a main verb and is = a helping verb)

There are three main verbs in English:

a. Being verbs

e.g. am, is, are, was, were, shall/will + be

Denote the existence or non-existence of someone or something (Physical and Virtual)

b. Action verbs

Describe actions: e.g. Read, walk, watch, etc. They have five forms, name Present, Past, Past participle, Present participle, and future form

c. Modal verbs or Modals

These verbs are used for expressing possibility, probability, permission, etc.

e.g. Can I sit here?

Being Verbs – Am is are

1. Structure – Statement/information/message/declarative question etc.

Person	Singular	Plural

First	I + am	We + are

Second	You + are	You + are

Third	He/she/it + is	They + are

Model sentences

I am Shane.

I am 32. (age)

He is married.

We are classmates

She is my cousin.

The weather is fine.

It’s very playful (it= a puppy)

2. Structure – ‘yes/no‘ question

Person	Singular	Plural

First	am + I	are + we

Second	are + you	are + You

Third	is + (He/she/it)	are + They

Model sentences

Are you Clara?

Is she busy now?

Am I late today?

Is Joe in the office?

Are they ready to come?

3. Structure – Negative sentence

Person	Singular	Plural

First	I + am + not	We + are + not

Second	You + are + not	You + are + not

Third	He/she/it + is + not	They + are + not

Model sentences

He is not Jim.

I am not a student.

They aren’t Indians.

The president is not in the Capital

We are in the office.

NOTE: are not = aren’t and is not = isn’t

4. Structure – ‘yes/no’ negative question

Person	Singular	Plural

First	am + I + not	are + we + not

Second	are + you + not	are + You + not

Third	is + (He/she/it) + not	are + They + not

NOTE: are we not = aren’t we, are you not = aren’t you, is he not = isn’t he, are they not = aren’t they

Model sentences

Aren’t you Lee?

Isn’t she an American?

Aren’t they busy?

Isn’t it right?

Isn’t he the manager?

5. Structure – ‘wh’ question

Person	Singular	Plural

First	‘wh’+ am + I	‘wh’ + are + we

Second	‘wh’ + are + you	‘wh’ + are + You

Third	‘wh’ + is + (He/she/it)	‘wh’ + are + They

‘Wh’ indicates ‘wh’ question words like when, what, where, why, etc. ‘wh’ question needs a full answer

Model sentences

Where is she?

How are you?

What is he?

Who are they?

Develop your Fluency

Follow these steps to develop your fluency in English – Click on the image

Skip the Ads and play the ‘conversation’ video clip.
Watch the first 3 minutes and 20 seconds, if it appeals, continue
Divide the video clip into three or four or five parts depending on the duration
Watch the first part
and watch the first part the second time (watch only the subtitles). Regulated the speed with the mouse.
Watch the first part a third time (with the sound muted). Say the dialogue along with the characters, (do not memorize the dialogue) and make gestures as the characters do. play till you are comfortable with the first part.
Play the other parts of the video clip, it may take one week, but it’s worth doing it.
Follow or subscribe to the channel to watch other video clips, and make it a habit for the following six months. These video clips are more suitable for beginners.

Making an appointment directly

May I see you on Monday?

Could I see you on Tomorrow morning at your office?

Could I meet you this evening?

Are you available at your office this evening for a consultation?

Are you available at your clinic this evening for a consultation?

I would like to have an appointment with Dr. Anand what time is he available?

I would like to have an appointment, what time are you available?

Making an appointment directly (semi-formal)

Could I meet you this evening?

Is it OK if I see you tomorrow at your office?

Can we meet at Central Square……this evening/tomorrow morning?

Is it OK for you If I meet you at Ruby Park tomorrow afternoon at 2?

How about meeting at Central Square tonight at 9 ?

Shall I drop by your office this evening?

Can I expect you at Elizabet’s party ?

I wonder if you could spare a few minutes for me this evening ?

Making an appointment through the Secretary/receptionist/personal assistant

I would like to see Doctor Sen for a consultation this evening, is he available?

Could I expect an appointment with the Attorney tomorrow evening, about………?

Is it possible to see/meet the chairman tomorrow afternoon?

Can I meet the President today at 6 p.m.?

Is the Lawmaker available today at 7 p.m.?

Can I have an appointment with the auditor on Thursday evening?

Conceding or accepting an appointment

Yes, you can see/meet me this evening I am available till 7.

You are welcome, Please try to come/drop by 7 p.m.

Yes, I will be here till 8 p.m.

Yes, I am available you can see/meet me this evening.

I think Saturday will be OK, because, I am away on a business tour.

Sure, you can come any time between 5 and 7 p.m.

Yes, tomorrow evening is perfect.

Yes, tomorrow morning is fine.

What time would you like to drop by?

Declining/deferring an appointment politely – A

Sorry, the Attorney is away on vacation

Sorry, He/she won’t be back until 2^nd June.

We are extremely sorry to say that the doctor is not available this week for appointments.

I am afraid (= sorry) he may not be available tomorrow evening, however, you can see him the day after tomorrow.

I wish I could see you, but I have to leave for London tonight, Is Monday 2^nd Jan OK for you?

I wish I could give you an appointment, but I have to be in New York for some important work.

I am afraid I won’t be available tomorrow, Is Friday evening OK?

I am really sorry I am unable to attend the office at 4 p.m. today, Is tomorrow OK for you?

Oh………7p.m. …. It’s difficult for me to come will 8 p.m. be OK?

I am afraid it’s not possible today.

Oh, Thursday it’s a very busy day for me, I would rather prefer Saturday, Is that OK?

I need to advance my appointment on Monday (by one day) is it possible?

Canceling an appointment politely – B

I am sorry I have to cancel my appointment due to an emergency meeting at Margret’s

I am extremely sorry to cancel my appointments due to heavy rains and floods in and around the town.

Sorry I made a mistake which conceding an appointment actually I am away at a meeting tomorrow, will Monday be OK for you?

Sorry, I am not available tomorrow, shall I reschedule the appointment for Sunday evening?

have and have to

A word a day will make your day 14/2/2023

Practical Grammar Course

Graded Course in Practical Grammar and Usage

(Follow the Topics sequentially ignore Podcast sequence, watch on YouTube for a Clear view)

Topic-1

TOPIC 1 Continuation – Your body language is the most powerful communication tool

Topic 2 – Concept of Subject and Pronoun

Topic 2 Continuation – Expanded form of Subject-pronoun concept

Topic 3 – Describing People, Places, things and actions in present and future

Topic 4 – Busines meeting Phrases

Phrases are the communication units they are made without following the grammar rules or sentence patterns but they are used frequently in real-life. Watch the phrases used in conducting a business meeting

Topic 5 – Appointment making Phrses

Toopic 6 – Present continuous Tense in Real-life

Present Continuous Tense – In Real-life – What Is Happening Right Now?

Learn English through Real-Life Events and Global News

Warm-up

Situation 1: Right Now

Structure

When Do We Use the Present Continuous?

Example 1 – Live News

Example 2 – Everyday Life

Real-Life Examples from Today’s World

How to Make the Present Continuous

Positive

Negative

Questions

Short Answers

Present Continuous for Temporary Situations

Present Continuous with Time Expressions

Present Continuous for Change

Vocabulary

Common Mistakes

Speaking Activity

Pair Work

Reading Practice

Fill in the Blanks

Correct the Mistakes

Speaking Challenge

Quiz

1. Which sentence is correct?

2. Which action is happening now?

3. Which sentence shows change?

4. Which sentence is correct?

5. Choose the correct question.

Summary

Formula

Homework

Present continuous Vs going on

Present continuous used as to experess planned action (in future)

Quick Formula for Spotting the Difference

Symmetrical Attribute Examples

Example 1: Shopping

Example 2: Exercising

Example 3: Travel

Example 4: Education

Key Grammar Trick

One more tricky sentence form

Homework

Topic 7 – Present Simple Tense in Rea-life

A. Study This Situation

Form

NOTE: It is essential to know the exact idea of ‘he, she, it and they’ Extended forms Click on to know more

Examples

B. Present Simple for Facts and General Truths

Examples from Real Life

More Examples

C. Questions and Negatives

Questions

Examples

Short Answers

Negative Sentences

Examples

D. Present Simple for Habits and Routines

Examples

E. Verbs Used in Speeches and Public Communication

Examples

In Public Speeches

Common Present Simple Expressions from Global News

Practice

1. Many countries ______ renewable energy projects.

2. She ______ climate science at a university.